000 032130000a22006970004500
911 _aXL1991005548
901 _aH10
903 _aE
903 _aV
904 _aBCO
905 _aC
906 _a19910101
908 _aJ
909 _aAS
912 _aEn
912 _aEn
914 _aCACAO
914 _aEXTRA
914 _aBCO1
082 0 4 _a633.7453
_bA994
100 1 _945425
_aAzhar, I.
260 _c1989
041 0 _aEn
500 _a3 tab. 77 ref. Sum. (En)
520 _aHelopeltis is a major insect pest of cocoa in Malaysia. Hence its management is of prime importance to ensure profitable yield. Cocoa is a relatively new crop in Malaysia and research on the management of Helopeltis is relatively scanty. As such, management approaches are largely based on West African experiences where considerable research has been carried out. However, this management approach is largely based on chemicals, which remain the first line of defence in existing Helopeltis management strategies in Malaysia. The development of chemical control of Helopeltis is discussed. The salient features of biological and cultural control are also examined. A lack of understanding of the principles involved has resulted in minor use of them in Helopeltis management. Nevertheless, the significant role of ants in limiting Helopeltis attack, especially under the cocoa and coconut ecosystem, is worth considering in the development of an integrated pest management (IPM) system regardless of the size of cocoa areas. With the ultimate aim of reducing chemical usage monitoring of the Helopeltis populations and the understanding of their ecology have become important in the implementation of IPM. The use of an early warning system is one of the means by which the objectives of IPM may be achieved with subsequent improvement in cocoa yield.
650 1 4 _9166664
_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
650 1 4 _9150098
_aHELOPELTIS
650 1 4 _9155027
_aMIRIDAE
650 1 4 _9151617
_aINSECTOS DEPREDADORES DE LOS FRUTOS
650 1 4 _9142109
_aCONTROL DE PLAGAS
650 1 4 _9142071
_aCONTROL CULTURAL
650 1 4 _9142138
_aCONTROL QUIMICO
650 1 4 _9142066
_aCONTROL BIOLOGICO
650 1 4 _9148384
_aFORMICIDAE
650 1 4 _9153666
_aMALASIA
691 _9166664
_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
691 _9150098
_aHELOPELTIS
691 _9155027
_aMIRIDAE
691 _9319958
_aFRUIT DAMAGING INSECTS
691 _9158198
_aPEST CONTROL
691 _9143185
_aCULTURAL CONTROL
691 _9140252
_aCHEMICAL CONTROL
691 _9137947
_aBIOLOGICAL CONTROL
691 _9148384
_aFORMICIDAE
691 _9153674
_aMALAYSIA
692 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
692 _aHELOPELTIS
692 _aMIRIDAE
692 _aINSECTE DEPREDATEUR DES FRUITS
692 _aLUTTE ANTIRAVAGEUR
692 _aLUTTE CULTURALE
692 _aLUTTE CHIMIQUE
692 _aLUTTE BIOLOGIQUE
692 _aFORMICIDAE
692 _aMALAISIE
773 0 _tMARDI Research Journal (Malasia)
_d1989
_gv. 17(1) p. 55-58
040 _aCR-TuBCO
_cCR-TuBCO
_bEs
245 1 0 _aTowards the development of an integrated pest management system of Helopeltis in Malaysia
942 _cANA
003 CR-TuBCO
999 _c71532
_d71532