000			032880000a22006130004500
911			_aXL1991005235
901			_aF63
903			_aE
903			_aV
904			_aBCO
905			_aC
906			_a19910101
908			_aJ
909			_aAS
912			_aEn
912			_aEn
914			_aCACAO
914			_aEXTRA
914			_aBCO1
082	0	4	_a633.74 _bY68
100	1		_9132649 _aYoung, A.M.
260			_c1984
041	0		_aEn
500			_aIlus. 21 ref. Sum. (En)
520			_aA comparison of larvae and pupae of cacao-associated midges (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) in various breeding substrates was made between successive rainy and dry seasons in the "Catongo" cacao plantation at Turrialba, Costa Rica. One collection of adult midges on cacao flowers was also made in the rainy season. One cluster of 25 larvae of Forcipomyia fuliginosa (Meigen) was found in one of 22 leaf litter-filled plastic cups in cacao trees in the rainy season, and several pupae of F. cinctipes group were collected from rotten slices of banana tree trunk at this time. A total of five adults fo F. genualis (Loew) emerged from about 25 percent of the leaf litter collected in the rainy season. During the dry season, a few slices of banana tree trunks yielded pupae belonging to F. genualis and F. cinctipes group. Adult midges collected from cacao flowers in the rainy season included Dasyhelea soriai Wirth and Waugh. Although only small portions of available breeding substrate materials were occupied by midges in both seasons, immature stages appeared to be more concentrated in the rotting slices of banana tree trunks during the dry season, a time when flowering in cacao is quite low at this locality. Midge populations appear to be more evenly dispersed within the plantation during the rainy season, a time of peak flowering in cacao. These data, while limited, may reflect general patterns of response to tropical seasonal conditions by cacao-associated midges, some of which might be effective pollinators of cacao. The midge species studied deserve further attention in terms of their possible roles as effective pollinators of T. cacao.
650	1	4	_9166664 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
650	1	4	_9143050 _aCULTIVAR CATONGO
650	1	4	_9148301 _aFORCIPOMYIA FULIGINOSA
650	1	4	_9148302 _aFORCIPOMYIA GENUALIS
650	1	4	_9148300 _aFORCIPOMYIA CINCTIPES
650	1	4	_9143483 _aDASYHELEA SORIAI
650	1	4	_9140049 _aCERATOPOGONIDAE
650	1	4	_9152677 _aLARVAS
650	1	4	_9161460 _aPUPAS
650	1	4	_9159401 _aPOLINIZADORES
650	1	4	_92064 _aCOSTA RICA
691			_9166664 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
691			_9140049 _aCERATOPOGONIDAE
691			_9152675 _aLARVAE
691			_9334748 _aPUPAE
691			_9332628 _aPOLLINATORS
691			_aCOSTA RICA _92064
692			_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
692			_aCERATOPOGONIDAE
692			_aLARVE
692			_aPUPE
692			_aPOLLINISATEUR
692			_aCOSTA RICA
773	0		_tProceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington (EUA) _d1984 _gv. 86(1) p. 185-194
040			_aCR-TuBCO _cCR-TuBCO _bEs
245	1	0	_aEcological notes on cacao-associated midges (Diptera:Ceratopogonidae) in the Catongo cacao plantation at Turrialba, Costa Rica
942			_cANA
003			CR-TuBCO
999			_c71301 _d71301