000			041150000a22006730004500
911			_aXL1990004507
901			_aF63
902			_aF60
903			_aZ
903			_aE
903			_aV
904			_aBCO
905			_aC
906			_a19900101
908			_aJ
909			_aAS
912			_aEn
912			_aEn
914			_aCACAO
914			_aEXTRA
914			_aBCO1
082	0	4	_a633.7412 _bP774
100	1		_965206 _aErickson, B.
100	1		_9132649 _aYoung, A.M.
100	1		_9121985 _aStrand, M.A.
100	1		_965203 _aErickson Junior, E.
260			_c1987
041	0		_aEn
500			_a++ 4 tab. 64 ref. Sum. (En, Fr)
520			_aFloral fragrance oils related to pollination were studied in three species of Theobroma and one Herrania species (Sterculiaceae) in Costa Rica. This study was prompted by field observations that floral odours and floral visitors are markedly different between Theobroma and Herrania, as well as between species of Theobroma. Floral fragrance in cultivated T. cacao consisted of 78 components, primarily saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons, with 1-pentadecene the major constituent followed by n-pentadecane. The distribution of 1-pentadecene was similar at 0900 hr (43.6 percent), 1130 hr (52.5 percent) and 2000 hr (51.1 percent) sampling times but only 1.2 percent at 1600 hr. The ratio of 1-pentadecene to n-pentadecane in the 1600 hr sample, approximately 1:6, contrasted with a 3:1 ratio at 0900 and 1130 and a 6:1 ratio at 2000 hr. The greatest concentration of volatiles was found in the 1130 hr sample, with 0900 and 2000 hr concentrations being essentially equal and intermediate between the high (1130 hr) and the low (1600 hr). Of the 58 compounds detected in T. mammosum steam distillate at 0815 hr, an array of linalool oxides accounted for 12.5 percent of the oil followed by isoeugenol (8.9 percent). Saturated hydrocarbons were also present but, unlike T. cacao, n-tricosane was the major hydrocarbon (12.2 percent). The major constituents of T. mammosum oil clearly distinguish this species from T. cacao. A markedly different profile of major floral volatiles was found in T. simiarum: major constituents included the monoterpenoids citral, geraniol, nerol, and citronellol. Unlike the oily, hydrocarbon fragrance of T. cacao and T. mammosum, T. simiarum floral fragrance is citrus-like both in the field and laboratory. Our fragrance studies suggest considerable evolutionary divergence within Theobroma. The floral fragrance of H. cuatrecasana contained volatiles characteristic of dipteran-pollinated plant species. Unusual volatiles found in Herrania fragrance included iridomyrmecin, guaiol, and other azulenic derivatives. No such monoterpenoids and bicyclic sesquiterpenoids (with the exception of longifolene, 0.1 percent, in T. simiarum) were found in Theobroma. The profiles of floral fragrance chemotaxonomically support the exclusion of Herrania spp. from the genus Theobroma.
650	1	4	_9166664 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
650	1	4	_9166667 _aTHEOBROMA MAMMOSA
650	1	4	_9166670 _aTHEOBROMA SIMIARUM
650	1	4	_9150203 _aHERRANIA
650	1	4	_9159392 _aPOLINIZACION
650	1	4	_9134136 _aACEITES AROMATICOS
650	1	4	_9148497 _aFRAGANCIA DE FLORES
650	1	4	_9141440 _aCOMPOSICION QUIMICA
650	1	4	_9141500 _aCOMPUESTOS VOLATILES
650	1	4	_9161674 _aQUIMIOTAXONOMIA
650	1	4	_92064 _aCOSTA RICA
691			_9166664 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
691			_9332627 _aPOLLINATION
691			_9330913 _aPERFUME OILS
691			_9310534 _aCHEMICAL COMPOSITION
691			_9310559 _aCHEMOTAXONOMY
691			_aCOSTA RICA _92064
692			_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
692			_aPOLLINISATION
692			_aESSENCE DE PARFUMERIE
692			_aCOMPOSITION CHIMIQUE
692			_aCHIMIOTAXONOMIE
692			_aCOSTA RICA
773	0		_tInsect Science and its Application (RU) _d1987 _gv. 8(3) p. 301-310
040			_aCR-TuBCO _cCR-TuBCO _bEs
245	1	0	_aPollination biology of Theobroma and Herrania (Sterculiaceae), 2: Analyses of floral oils
942			_cANA
003			CR-TuBCO
999			_c70654 _d70654