000 033690000a22006490004500
911 _aXL1990004506
901 _aF63
902 _aF62
903 _aE
903 _aV
904 _aBCO
905 _aC
906 _a19900101
908 _aJ
909 _aAS
912 _aEn
912 _aEn
914 _aCACAO
914 _aEXTRA
914 _aBCO1
082 0 4 _a633.7412
_bP774p
100 1 _9132649
_aYoung, A.M.
100 1 _965203
_aErickson Junior, E.
100 1 _9121985
_aStrand, M.A.
100 1 _965206
_aErickson, B.
260 _c1987
041 0 _aEn
500 _a++ Ilus. 6 tab. Bib. p. 161-164
520 _aFloral characteristics related to pollination were studied in four species of Theobroma and one species of Herrania (Sterculiacae) in Costa Rica. Anthesis was complete in T. cacao, T. simiarum, T. speciosum, and T. mammosum at 0615 hr following an extended period of floral development throughout the night. Flowers of both T. cacao and Herrania cuatrecusana were fully open by dawn and pollen sacs dehisced throughout the morning hours. Stigma and style receptivity, assessed by hydrogen peroxide tests, were high throughout the morning and early afternoon in T. cacao. Bagged flowers resulted in no fruit-set. When petal ligules were experimentally removed there was no change in rates of flowers abortion or total numbers of aborted flowers, tentatively suggesting that these structures play little or no role in attracting pollinators. Both Theobroma and Herrania flowers possess ultraviolet light reflectance/absorbance patterns which may play a role in pollinator attraction. Uptake of neutral red stain in T. cacao and T. simiarum showed scattered glandular activity on petals and sepals, perhaps indicating location of nectaries or other secretory organs. Conspicuous glandular trichomes on the ovary, on the lower third of the style, and in a conspicuous "basal ring" between petals and sepals (most pronounced and colorful in species other than T. cacao) may be sources of both floral attractant and reward. Differences in floral biology among Theobroma and Herrania species suggest divergence in pollination strategies. The data presented are discussed in terms of plant-pollinator specializations in the New World tropics.
650 1 4 _9166664
_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
650 1 4 _9166670
_aTHEOBROMA SIMIARUM
650 1 4 _9166671
_aTHEOBROMA SPECIOSUM
650 1 4 _9166667
_aTHEOBROMA MAMMOSA
650 1 4 _9150203
_aHERRANIA
650 1 4 _9159392
_aPOLINIZACION
650 1 4 _9148149
_aFLORACION
650 1 4 _9147069
_aETAPAS DE DESARROLLO DE LA PLANTA
650 1 4 _9159401
_aPOLINIZADORES
650 1 4 _92064
_aCOSTA RICA
691 _9166664
_aTHEOBROMA CACAO
691 _9332627
_aPOLLINATION
691 _9148172
_aFLOWERING
691 _9158954
_aPLANT DEVELOPMENTAL STAGES
691 _9332628
_aPOLLINATORS
691 _aCOSTA RICA
_92064
692 _aTHEOBROMA CACAO
692 _aPOLLINISATION
692 _aFLORAISON
692 _aSTADE DE DEVELOPPEMENT VEGETAL
692 _aPOLLINISATEUR
692 _aCOSTA RICA
773 0 _tInsect Science and its Application (RU)
_d1987
_gv. 8(2) p. 151-164
040 _aCR-TuBCO
_cCR-TuBCO
_bEs
245 1 0 _aPollination biology of Theobroma and Herrania (Sterculiaceae), 1: Floral biology
942 _cANA
003 CR-TuBCO
999 _c70653
_d70653