This chapter analyzes information presented in the case studies and existing literature and in addition the chapter makes use of the results of a quick survey conducted in August 2018 among ICRAF researchers working in the Eastern and Southern Africa (ESAf) region who identified the challenges they face in integrating gender in their work and their proposed solutions. The researchers gave ten possible barriers to integrating gender issues into their work, including for example such important issues as education levels and land tenure patterns. By far the most significant issue according to these experienced working researchers, was culture and mindset. This outcome points to the painful reality that our capacity to produce innovative products, new technologies or even effective policies, can be undermined if we do not take the time to learn what matters to others and the logic that supports their belief systems. Even among research teams, culture and mindset, in particular the tolerance for social change, remain a heated issue.