| 000 -LEADER |
|---|
| fixed length control field |
027590000a22005650004500 |
| 082 04 - DEWEY DECIMAL CLASSIFICATION NUMBER |
|---|
| Classification number |
633.74311 |
| Item number |
K21 |
| 041 0# - LANGUAGE CODE |
|---|
| Language code of text/sound track or separate title |
En |
| 040 ## - CATALOGING SOURCE |
|---|
| Original cataloging agency |
CR-TuBCO |
| Transcribing agency |
CR-TuBCO |
| Language of cataloging |
Es |
| 003 - CONTROL NUMBER IDENTIFIER |
|---|
| control field |
CR-TuBCO |
| 100 1# - MAIN ENTRY--PERSONAL NAME |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
82492 |
| Personal name |
Kaufmann, T. |
| 260 ## - PUBLICATION, DISTRIBUTION, ETC. (IMPRINT) |
|---|
| Date of publication, distribution, etc |
1975 |
| 245 10 - TITLE STATEMENT |
|---|
| Title |
Ecology and behavior of cocoa pollinating Ceratopogonidae in Ghana, West Africa |
| 500 ## - GENERAL NOTE |
|---|
| General note |
++ 2 tab. 10 ref. Sum. (En) |
| 520 ## - SUMMARY, ETC. |
|---|
| Summary, etc |
Close spacing of Theobroma cacao L., shade trees with large buttresses, and various ground substrates are essential to attract pollinating ceratopogonids to cocoa plantations. The midges breed throughout the year in Ghana, but their numbers fluctuate monthly as well as yearly depending upon the amount of rain. The most favorable weather for flight is under cloud cover. Different species have different sex ratios which can be determined only by breeding a large number of individuals. Loose batches of eggs are deposited in concealed recesses of moist, decomposing plant debris, as larvae feed on molds and fungi that grow on these media. Ceratopogonids are gregarious throughout life. Swarming activity enables males to find mates and females to oviposite. Mating takes place in flight. Dispersal flight, occuring twice daily, is multidirectional and limited to 5-6 m at a time. Of some 70 species of Ceratopogonidae found in Ghana, only 8 including 4 species of Forcipomyia, 2 species of Stilobezzia, and a species each of Culicoides and Atrichopogon, are common in cocoa flowers. Effective pollination by these insects is by no means simple; an average of 27.0 percent (6.5-60.0) of the total number of effectively pollinated flowers between February 1971 and December 1973 were attributed to these midges. |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
166664 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
THEOBROMA CACAO |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
140049 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
CERATOPOGONIDAE |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
159401 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
POLINIZADORES |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
145078 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
ECOLOGIA ANIMAL |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
137933 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
BIOLOGIA |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
149317 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
GHANA |
| 650 14 - SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--TOPICAL TERM |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
134622 |
| Topical term or geographic name as entry element |
AFRICA OCCIDENTAL |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
166664 |
| Geographic name |
THEOBROMA CACAO |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
140049 |
| Geographic name |
CERATOPOGONIDAE |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
332628 |
| Geographic name |
POLLINATORS |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
305710 |
| Geographic name |
ANIMAL ECOLOGY |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
137954 |
| Geographic name |
BIOLOGY |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
149317 |
| Geographic name |
GHANA |
| 691 ## - LOCAL SUBJECT ADDED ENTRY--GEOGRAPHIC NAME (RLIN) |
|---|
| 9 (RLIN) |
343224 |
| Geographic name |
WEST AFRICA |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
THEOBROMA CACAO |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
CERATOPOGONIDAE |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
POLLINISATEUR |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
ECOLOGIE ANIMALE |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
BIOLOGIE |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
GHANA |
| 692 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
AFRIQUE OCCIDENTALE |
| 773 0# - HOST ITEM ENTRY |
|---|
| Title |
Environmental Entomology (EUA) |
| Place, publisher, and date of publication |
1975 |
| Relationship information |
v. 4(2) p. 347-351 |
| 911 ## - EQUIVALENCE OR CROSS-REFERENCE-CONFERENCE OR MEETING NAME [LOCAL, CANADA] |
|---|
| Meeting name or jurisdiction name as entry element |
XL1989801041 |
| 901 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT A, LDA (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
F63 |
| 903 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT C, LDC (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
V |
| 904 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT D, LDD (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
BCO |
| 905 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT E, LDE (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
C |
| 906 ## - LOCAL DATA ELEMENT F, LDF (RLIN) |
|---|
| a |
19890101 |
| 908 ## - PUT COMMAND PARAMETER (RLIN) |
|---|
| Put command parameter |
J |
| 909 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
AS |
| 912 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
En |
| 912 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
En |
| 914 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
CACAO |
| 914 ## - |
|---|
| -- |
EXTRA |
| 942 ## - ADDED ENTRY ELEMENTS (KOHA) |
|---|
| Koha item type |
Analítica |
